No, they are two different species but belong to the same plant genus. The Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a close relative of the blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus). They both produce fruit that looks and tastes similar.
Bilberry vs. Blueberry: Key Differences, Benefits, and Origins Explained
Blueberries and bilberries are often confused because they look similar, but some differences exist. Both plants are perennial shrubs, but Blueberry plants can be a high or low bush, whereas Bilberries’ stems are as small as 6-24 inches (15-60 cm) and close to the ground. True Blueberries are native to North America, and Bilberries are native to Europe. The Bilberry or European Blueberry belongs to the section Myrtillus along with other species of lesser importance. The scientific name of the Bilberry is Vaccinium myrtillus. On the other hand, American blueberries belong to the section Cyanococcus, and the scientific name of the cultivated American blueberry is Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Both flowers of Bilberries and Blueberries are white, pale pink, or red and shaped like a bell. However, Blueberries develop an inflorescence that contains a cluster of berries, while Bilberries produce a single or pair (rarely) of flowers from a leaf axil bud. One distinctive physiognomic difference regarding the fruit is that the edge of the blueberry fruit is star-shaped because of its sepals, and it is smaller than the bilberry fruit, which is smoother and bigger on the edges. Generally, Bilberries have 60% more antioxidants, such as anthocyanins, than Blueberries. They are the reason that Bilberries have a darker blue-purple color than Blueberries.
The main physiognomic difference is that blueberries have a crown on the end of the fruit and are whitish inside, while bilberries do not have a crown and are red inside. Additionally, they are also the reason that bilberry pulp is red or purple and can easily stain, while blueberry pulp is light green and does not stain. Another important distinction is taste. Due to the high level of antioxidants that bilberries contain, their flavor is also more intense than that of blueberries. They are also softer and more difficult to transfer than Blueberries. Generally, high-bush and low-bush blueberries produce greater yields than bilberries.
Blueberry and Bilberry are perennial plants that produce fruit from the third or fourth year and can live up to 50 years. Generally, they have the exact needs and requirements with a few variations depending on the variety, the climate, and the market.
References
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/2011/may/nal
http://berrygrape.org/blueberry-propagation/
https://www.naturanrg.gr/7-berries-moyra-poy-prepei-na-trwte-kathe-mera/
https://www.canr.msu.edu/uploads/resources/pdfs/propagating_highbush_blueberries_(e1680).pdf
https://www.blueberriesnz.co.nz/industries/growing/
https://www.uky.edu/Ag/Horticulture/masabni/PPT/blueberry.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355205
https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/catalog/files/project/pdf/em9117.pdf
https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/blueberry/infos
Further reading
14 Interesting Facts about Blueberries
Uses, Nutritional value and Health Benefits of Blueberries
Blueberries vs. Bilberries- Are blueberries and bilberries the same thing?
Blueberry Plant Information-How to Identify Blueberry Plants
Blueberry Soil Conditions and Site Selection
How to Cultivate Blueberries Professionally
Blueberries Propagation and Pollination
Blueberry Water Needs and Irrigation Methods
Essential Blueberry Fertilization Guide: Nutrients, Schedules, and Best Practices